Caustic of a circle
The caustic of a circle is the geometric envelope of light rays from a point source reflected by a circular mirror. The shape of this caustic depends on the position of the light source relative to the circle. When the source lies on the circle itself, the caustic is a cardioid, a curve with one cusp whose shape resembles that of a heart. When the source is placed at infinity—that is, when the light rays arrive parallel to one another—the caustic takes the form of a nephroid, a curve with two cusps belonging to the family of epicycloids. For other positions of the source, at a finite distance but outside the circle, the caustic takes intermediate forms between these two special cases. The caustic of a circle is a classic example illustrating the link between the geometry of plane curves and optical phenomena.
Contents
What you will learn
- Définir l'enveloppe des rayons réfléchis.
- Relier une source sur le cercle à une cardioïde.
- Relier des rayons parallèles à une néphroïde.
- Distinguer les cas particuliers des autres positions de source.
In plain terms
Definition
What it is made of
A step-by-step example
2. Pour un point de rencontre P, on trace le rayon qui relie le centre du cercle à P : il sert de normale au miroir en P.
3. On construit le rayon réfléchi en faisant le symétrique du rayon incident par rapport à cette normale, puis on le prolonge au-delà de P.
4. On répète la construction pour plusieurs points voisins du cercle ; les intersections de deux rayons réfléchis voisins font apparaître les points successifs de la courbe enveloppe.
5. En reliant doucement ces points, on obtient un tracé de l'enveloppe recherchée, sans calcul détaillé.
In practice
Not to be confused with
Limits and pitfalls
Further reading
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