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Et si la probabilité changeait après chaque tirage des boules d'une urne ?





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The Dreyfus affair ranks among the great fiascos of French legal history, tearing society apart in its day. Mathematicians played a major role in securing Captain Dreyfus's rehabilitation, notably by writing a report on an application of probability theory.

The young mathematician Daniel Litt currently holds a position at the University of Toronto. His research usually explores the interplay between algebraic geometry and arithmetic. Yet in recent months, he has attracted attention in an entirely different field, even earning an interview with the renowned online publication Quanta Magazine.

To calculate France's population, Laplace proposes a sampling method based on births and introduces the normal distribution to estimate the error. It would take until the 21st century for Insee to draw inspiration from his method.

When Laplace took up a seat in the Senate, he thought his active involvement in science was effectively over. Yet he went on to state a fundamental law of probability theory, before exploring the philosophical implications of his findings in this emerging new science.