
Portrait imaginaire d'Euclide par le peintre flamand Juste de Gand, vers 1474.
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Analyse de la célèbre démonstration d'Euclide sur l'infinité des nombres premiers et sa façon habile de contourner le concept d'infini.


Portrait imaginaire d'Euclide par le peintre flamand Juste de Gand, vers 1474.
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Actual infinity is a mathematical fiction, useful in calculations and proofs alike. We may reject it and make do with potential infinity. But if we accept the notion of infinity, there must be more than one. Georg Cantor—him again!—proved it.

Prime numbers are an endless source of mathematical surprises: they are infinite in number yet rare, and attempts to count them bring transcendental functions into play, such as the Riemann zeta function, which at first glance seem far removed from arithmetic.

With the Greek mathematicians—Euclid in particular—numbers moved from the concrete to the abstract. One key concept endured: Euclidean division and the host of developments it spawned. These methods have not aged a bit: Euclid's algorithm is still used today... by computer scientists!

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