The usual inequality on real numbers | Tangente
The usual order relation on numbers
Once their values are known, any two numbers can be compared—whether they are integers, fractions, or real numbers—and we can say which is smaller.

Once their values are known, any two numbers can be compared—whether they are integers, fractions, or real numbers—and we can say which is smaller.

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Although inspired by Galois's work, "his" theory developed long after his death and did not take off until algebraic structures were introduced.

The real numbers include the rational numbers—the quotients of two integers—and the irrational numbers, of which √2 and π are two well-known examples. This gives us one way of classifying the reals. But another classification is possible, based on numbers known as algebraic numbers.

The notion of a square root can be extended to very general sets. One may then obtain more than two square roots—even infinitely many! Matrices provide one example. Orientation-preserving similarities, viewed through the lens of complex numbers, lead us back to less startling results.

The roots of unity form an abelian group. A quick refresher...
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