You know addition, right? A priori, yes. Yet here is an apparently elementary but actually formidable question about addition: how does the sum of the digits of an integer n vary when a second, fixed integer r is added to it?
The answer obviously depends on how the numbers are written: do we use the decimal system, as we routinely do when counting our change, or the binary system, the language of computers? Or some other numeral system?
The thesis considers several systems, but here we shall focus solely on the binary system.
The digit-sum function ------------------------------